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The Consolidation Problem:

The design of structures on soft compressible soils (clays) has created problems for owners, engineers and contractors. Construction without soil treatment is usually impractical due to unpredictable long-term settlement. Simple surcharging as a soil consolidation method can take many years. Soil consolidation using prefabricated vertical wick drains (also commonly called wick drains, band drains, or PV drains) can rapidly increase settlement rates and cut project durations drastically.

 

What are Vertical Wick Drains?

Prefabricated vertical wick drains (PVD or PV Drains) are installed vertically to depths exceeding 200 feet (65 meters). The water, under pressure in excess of hydrostatic, flows through the filter fabric of the prefabricated vertical wick drain and into the channels of the wick drain core where it can flow vertically out of the soil. This flow may be either up or down to intersecting natural sand layers or to the surface where a sand drainage blanket or prefabricated horizontal strip drains are provided. The water in the soil has only to travel the distance to the nearest prefabricated vertical wick drain to reach a free drainage path.

 
The prefabricated vertical wick drain core is made of high quality flexible polypropylene which exhibits a large water flow capacity in the longitudinal direction of the core via preformed grooves or water channels on both sides of the core. Each vertical wick drain can provide a greater vertical discharge capacity than a 6 inch diameter sand column. The prefabricated vertical wick drain core is tightly wrapped in a geotextile filter jacket of spun-bonded polypropylene which has a very high water permeability while retaining the finest of soil particles. Both the core and geotextile filter jacket have high mechanical strength, a high degree of durability in most environments, and high resistance to chemicals, micro-organisms, and bacteria.

 

How are vertical wick drains designed?

The vertical wick drains are usually placed in a triangular configuration of 3 to 12 feet (1 to 4 meters) - depending on the desired consolidation time. As a result of this method of accelerating the consolidation process, uneven post-construction settlements can be virtually eliminated.

 

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