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STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

PART A

Directions: Question 1-15 are incomplete sentences. Beneath each sentences, you will see four word or phrases, marked (A), (B), (C) and (D). Choose the one word that best completes the sentence.

1. In addition to the more traditional simple oven many ______ either by circulating heated air around the food or by heating the moisture contained in the food with microwaves, and a few do both. answer: C. modern ovens function
2. _______ many communication companies are now able to offer radio and television broadcasts over the internet. answer: D. with the introduction of advanced technology
3. From the beginning of the twentieth century to the present, technology _______ people are beginning to imagine there are no limits to what we can achieve. answer: C. has progressed to the point that
4. A trap ______ disguise is what has come to be called a Trojan Horse, from the ancient story of the gift to the wooden horse from the Greeks. answer: D. offered as a gift in
5. Telecommuniting is a new form of work ______ to work, such as fathers with children, the chance to work while remaining at home. answer: A. affording those previously unable
6. It is the lack of gravity on the moon that makes _______ leaps of 30 feet or more. answer: A. possible
7. It is believed that the modern bird ______ the pterodactyls that existed millions of years ago. answer: B. evolved from
8. Although ________ a successful film, none of her other works have to date been adapted to the film format. answer: D. Amy Tan’s best known novel, The Joy Luck Club, made
9. The advent of the personal computer and easy access to information via the internet has allowed many more entrepreneurs _______ than ever before. answer: C. opening businesses home-based
10. ______ “orca” means whale, the orca is actually a member of the dolphin family, the delphinids. answer: C. while
11. Many modern critics of American literature have called Mark Twain, born Samuel Clemens, _______. answer: C. America’s greatest writer
12. ______ its area of defense, a fort should be built on an elevation and with some sort of natural feature of the landscape to obstruct direct access to the fort. answer: A. To better protect
13. An iron smelting forge ______ ore into usable metals. answer: A. melts
14. The one in charge of a meeting ______ toward the end of the meeting. answer: D. generally tables important topics
15. Sufficient gravitational force is _______ atmosphere; otherwise the atmosphere will drift off into space. answer: D. necessary to retain a planet’s

PART B

Direction: In question 16-40 each sentence has four underlined words or phrases. The four underlined parts of the sentence are marked (A), (B), (C) and (D). Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be grammatically correct, Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question and fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.

1. Because (A) of the enormous pull gravitational (B) of the moon, the shape of the Earth actually changes as (C) the largest oceans are “pulled” toward (D) the moon. answer: B. gravitation
2. Only with the advent of refrigerator (A) were (B) most Americans able to begin (C) to consume fresh meat (D). answer: A. refrigerators
3. The smaller (A) of all (B) nine planets (C) in the solar (D) system is Pluto. answer: A. smallest
4. The function of a biologist (A) is both to describe organisms in minute (B) detail also (C) to understand why they behave as they (D) do. answer: C. and
5. According to all findings (A) to date (B), the known (C) universe consists almost entirely of the hydrogen (D). answer: D. the hydrogen
6. Because of their flexibility (A), reeds and straw are able (B) to endure harsh winds that other more (C) brittle materials like brick and concrete would not be able to withstanding (D). answer: D. withstand
7. Before hay can be processed and (A) sold, it is typically (B) bundled into (C)boxlike bales so thatit can be more easily transport (D). answer: D. transported
8. Most of the birds living (A) in desert regions inhabits (B) the fringes (C) of the desert (D).answer: B. inhabit
9. Areas (A) of rocks may shifts (B) up or down on each (C) side of a fault (D).answer: B. shift
10. From the 1850s until after the turn of the century, many (A)of America’s super-rich Families (B) made (C) Newport his (D) favorite summer resort.answer: D. their
11. Of Jane Austeen’s six great novels (A), the first four were (B)published anonymous (C) during (D)her lifetime. answer: B. was
12. Clarence Birdseye is best know (A) for developing (B) a process (C) for freezing food in small (D) Packages. answer: A. known
13. It was (A) as a direct result (B) of the widespread implementation (C) electricity that the US had aSource (D) of light other than gas lights. answer: C. implementing
14. The Smithsonian Institution in Washington D.C is home (A) to the largest collecting (B) of Native American artifacts in the United States, most of which (C) remain uncatalogued (D) and hidden from public view. answer: B. collection
15. In the modern era (A), face-to-face communication is becoming near (B) as uncommon (C) as hand-written (D) letters. answer: B. near
16. The leaves (A) of most (B) coniferous species (C) are slender and length (D).answer: D. long
17. Like (A) an airplane, (B) a helicopter have (C) to control sticks instead (D) of one. answer: C. has
18. Much (A) bright young stars lie (B) along(C) the spiral (D) arms of the Milky Way Galaxy.answer: A. many
19. Hippocrates believed (A) that health depended on (B) the balanced (C) of the four fluids (D) of the answer: C. balance
20. Because mistletoe berries are poisonous (A), everyone with Christmas decorations Containing (B) need (C) to be aware of the potential danger (D). answer: C. needs mistletoe
21. The earliest (A) known artworks were done (B) by cavemen which (C) used a mixture of clay, Chalk (D) answer: C. who and burned wood and bones.
22. The Earth’s crust is composed of fifteen plates which (A) float (B) on the partially (C) moltenlayer below they (D). answer: D. them
23. The Cabinet consist (A) of secretaries of departments, who (B) report to the president, give him advice, and helping (C) him make (D) decisions. answer: C. help
24. Operas can be broadly (A) classified (B) as either comedies or (C) they are tragedies (D). answer: D. they are tragedies
25. During the annually (A) salmon migration from the sea to fresh water (B), Alaska’s McNeil River becomes a gathering (C) place for brown bears waiting eagerly (D) to catch their fill. answer: A. annual