Educational Research Frustrations

This week while I was reading in the Kindle Application I pulled up other popular highlights from the text. Since I have been job searching I did not have enough to read every word of these two very long chapters. So, I used the popular highlights and read as much as I could. The highlights were useful and helpful to my spread-thin self.

This week’s readings were from Christensen’s text: How Disruptive Innovation Will Change the Way the World Learns, chapters 8 & 9. Chapter 8 discusses a point that I am very passionate on: practicality of research for the betterment of the education system, and whether or not teaching is an art or a science. Christensen states that many teachers are easily frustrated at the validity of research and the lack of a control basis where all classrooms are applicable. After observing, classifying, and then defining relationships the research can be studied prescriptively or descriptively.

Christensen states that, “prescriptive research built upon well-researched categories of circumstances can allow administrators and teachers to predict what actions will lead to the desired result given the circumstance in which they find themselves—and thus know what they ought to do” (3275) instead of straight-forward descriptive research that leaves the teacher with no detail more than the end results. Another statement that Christiansen makes is that when there is an anomaly in prescriptive research then that should leave room for interest in what made the program work for those it did and what in the program didn’t work for the others, instead of leaving the results as simply “research findings” and dropping the questions that arise from the research. It seems that frustration runs deep in educational research because the control groups can not be applicable to all classrooms. So, what is good for one is not good for another. Frustration also arises because most of the educational research is stopped short and does not continue. Research is a science, not an art, states Christensen, because, although education is unique in some ways, it is still measureable and can be tested; if the research is able to be finished then many people in the education world might have a different attitude with research findings. Maybe researchers will be able to find applicable prescriptive research that teachers can take and make applicable to every classroom.

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Early Childhood Education Responsibility

Reflection 6

For the last week I have been away from my computer and on vacation. So, I downloaded the Kindle App on my Droid. It was a great way to keep reading while on the plane and train, but my screen is so small and it is so hard to highlight the correct sentences with my touch screen. It was difficult, but I managed and I was thankful to have the application available for my use while my computer was tucked away.

This week we read Chapter 6 & 7 from Christensen’s text: How Disruptive Innovation Will Change the Way the World Learns. Chapter 6 discussed early childhood learning and theory behind intellectual capabilities. I was just discussing a maxim with my sister yesterday that touches on this very topic. The Jesuit maxim is also the motto from the documentary “7Up”. “Give me a boy until he is seven and I will show you the man.” The same idea shows up in these week’s reading when Christensen discusses how parents who talk quiet often to their children until they are 36 months create more synaptic dendrite action, which produces more pathways in the brain and easier mental connection—all which are great. Also, in chapter 6 the idea of having kids being spoken too when they are young as being important seems to be connected with the social status of the family. The more sophisticated the language spoken to the child, besides just “business talk”, the smarter the child will become (as per the research done). This also correlates with the early childhood care the child receives. If the child is able to hear parents or guardians speak to him/her often and before they go into to pre-kindergarten care then they are ready for the classroom and ready to learn once they get into 1st grade. But, this chapter suggests that we, as a community, need to figure some way to get the children, whose families who can’t or done (for multitude of reasons) talk much to the children, together to teach the “disadvantaged ones” sooner. I think we should just train parents on the benefits and importance of having someone to speak or read to their child before they are 3, and after.

It seems to me that this part in the text brings up a point in our education system. Most public schools have their students learning to read by the end of their first year of schooling. If a child is not spoken to regularly, besides “language dancing”, and does not attend pre-kindergarten classes, then they will spend the first year of school learning how to function in a “classroom setting” with expectations to sit still and listen when appropriate. The student will not be putting full attention on the pre-reading skills and the spoken language, which they have missed out on, because they are focused on the social aspect and the new rules, which can be a shock for some of them. I have seen this happen again and again with kindergarteners who were not put into a social environment where there was regulation of rules and a lot of conversation happening before coming into a classroom environment. I think Christensen’s research hit the nail on the head for me in how important it is to communicate with kids in your own adult voice and language.

https://kindle.amazon.com/your_highlights

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The System for Student-Centric Learning

This week I ventured out more with the Kindle App on my PC. I right-clicked on words that were unfamiliar to me and read their definitions and examples of the words used in other sentences. This is a great tool! This inspired me to spend more time learning new terms, and it would be nice if other programs and applications had this neat tool, also. The connection from the highlighted word to Wikipedia was also a great way to further your interest in subject matter.

This week’s reading, chapter 5, from How Disruptive Innovation Will Change the Way the World Learns by Clayton Christensen, discusses the system for student-centric learning. This chapter was very technical and confusing. What I do understand is the disruption of the value network. “A value network is the context within which a firm establishes its cost structure and operating processes and works with suppliers and channel partners to respond profitably to customers’ common needs.”(2216) What this means for the education system is that the textbook industry is going to die or drastically change. The reason behind that is because the textbook industry is a“…VPA business. [VPA] companies bring inputs of materials into one end of their premises, transform them by adding value, and deliver higher-value products to their customers at the other end.” The reasoning that textbooks will soon vanish is because their products can not reach all different type of learners, which makes their market smaller as technology tools disrupt the education system and make learning student-centric. Christensen says that textbooks are written by a certain types of learners, which are the intellectual elite, who need to make a profit by getting integrated into the school systems by the board members. Because these tech tools are so individualized the school boards will not implement them, because they will not centralize to most students. So, the tech tools necessary to help student-centric learning possible will be brought into the system through faculty, parents, and students as tutoring tools. Thus, eventually, ousting textbooks.

Christensen, Clayton M.; Johnson,  Curtis W.; Horn,  Michael B. (2010-09-06). Disrupting Class, Expanded Edition : How Disruptive Innovation Will Change the Way the World Learns (Kindle Locations 2170-2171). McGraw-Hill. Kindle Edition

https://kindle.amazon.com/your_highlights

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Disruptively Deploying Computers

“Like all disruptions, student-centric technology will make it affordable, convenient, and simple for many more students to learn in ways that are customized for them.” (1659) The idea of technology being a pioneering product for businesses makes this model of “disruption” easier for me to comprehend. I understand, for the most part, the intrinsic functions of businesses and how they are run. And for technology businesses, searching for the market that has the most demand for whatever technology the business is providing is essential in the businesses’ life. Knowing that the world of education is a huge area full of demand where businesses can look also makes sense, because, although, the educational institution might change, move, and shake it will never die. It is clear to me that the education world is always in need of new, innovative ways to keep the classroom up-to-date, and using technology is a disruptor is necessary.

During this chapter of Christensen’s How Disruptive Innovation Will Change the Way the World Learns I found out how we can implement technology to create more student-center educations. The first is through the use of schools providing courses through statalit campus, where—for reasons of poverty, small registration in rural areas, and not enough interest/teachers/funding—schools can provide students, who would never have options, with Advanced Placement classes and other specialties classes. The disruptive method is used her because technology is providing options where there would be none without it. The second nonconsumption area are the homeschooled or homebound students where their parents breadth of knowledge and grow due to having internet available. Lastly, the third area where technology can disrupt within the educational realm are the student who need to do “credit retrieval”, those students who failed, were sick, or missed classes needed to graduate. Having remedial online classes available to those who missed credits before their senior year is a relief to many teachers and parents. Also, private tutoring and prekindergarten, where poorer families who can’t afford private educational opportunities still have options for online learning through virtual schooling.

Technology first “compete[s] against nonconsumption in a new ‘plane of competition.’ In that plane, the technology improves, and the underlying cost declines. The technology begins drawing applications from the original plane of competition into the new one—in this case, from the traditional monolithic classroom to online learning and then, shortly, to student-centric technology.” (1735). This idea of making technology using the education institution as a competitive arena makes me nervous. Once money is involved in selling programs, applications, new technology, etc. too schools later down the road the mind-set might be taken off educating our youth and fixate it to gross incomes. We have seen this happen, to an extent, to the text books conglomerate companies. But, I believe that small negative will not outweigh the benefits of technology disruption in education.

https://kindle.amazon.com/your_highlights

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Cramming Classroom Computers

This week I was having trouble figuring out how to make my highlights public and then making them available for my classmates to view. I looked at a tutorial on the Kindle Reader to see if I could find the answer, which I hardly ever take the time to do to find an answer, and found that it is an old video that doesn’t comply with the new Kindle updates.

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This chapter seems like a “set-up” chapter where there is not a lot going on, but it is laying down important information for chapters to come. What is clear is that we learn about what computer technology is actually doing in school, rather than what it should be doing. As Bill Clinton announced, “(1) modern computers and learning devices [will be] available to all students, (2) classrooms [will be] connected to one another and the outside world, (3) …educational software [will have] an integral part of the curriculum and as engaging as the best video game, and (4)…teachers [will be] ready to use and teach with technology”. (1356) Christensen states that the second and third points have not yet happened. Although, it is clear that computer programs, such as email and blogs, have connected teachers to the “outside world”—parents, other teachers, administrators, etc. It is also clear that for the computer technology to really take-hold and thrive in the school district is that is has to disrupt and be applied where the classroom or curriculums’ “alternative is nothing” (1380). For the computer technology to be useful in everyday school life—not 28 minutes a week in middle schools—it has to, as I understand it, drop down right into a lesson, unit, year curriculum where there is only the option to use it. But, as Christensen says, it can’t just be any piece of curriculum “Indeed, selecting these [curriculums] is far more important for the successful implementation of the technology than is the technology itself” (1380).

What is very unclear to me is how that is going to happen, and why hasn’t it happened yet. We have had use of modern computers in most classrooms for over the past 20 years, and although that does not seem like much time in the grand scheme of things in technology time (especially the tech pace we have been going at for ten years) it seems like eons. As the text states, “organizations cannot disrupt themselves” (1404). So, the change and the implementation need to come from the “top managers”; which in education would be the super intendants? This is unclear to me. If a organization—or an institution, which education is—cannot”…implement an innovation that does not make economic or cultural sense to itself” (1429). Then how can a super intendant, principal, board of directors, teacher, etc. schools use computers “as a primary instructional mechanism that helps students learn in ways that are customized to their type of intelligence”? (1504) Christensen argues that computers need to used more for student-centered instruction and not just classroom “help tools and topics”. But, Chrstiensen does not go into detail on I how we are supposed to do that, and I feel that this next chapter will go more in-depth on the topic. Hopefully, because I am left on a limb of confusion.

Christensen, Clayton M.; Johnson,  Curtis W.; Horn,  Michael B. (2010-09-06). Disrupting Class, Expanded Edition : How Disruptive Innovation Will Change the Way the World Learns (Kindle Locations 1567-1568). McGraw-Hill. Kindle Edition.

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Students Learn Differently

This week’s reading in How Disruptive Innovation Will Change the Way the World Learns by Clayton Christensen was done using the Kindle for PC Reader. This was the first time I have used an eReader. I loved the way you could see what others had highlighted and commented on throughout the chapter; I also loved that I could access the book on a few different devices, like reading it from my Droid while on my lunch break at work. The one issue I always have with online text reading is my eyes! I cannot stare at the computer screen for more than two hours, like I can with a tangible text, without getting a headache. Overall, it is green friendly and I like it.

In this week’s reading the concepts of Gardner’s multiple intelligence was clear to me as I have studied them in a few other classes. The idea makes perfect sense—as we know each of us is different and so everyone should have a different “handicap” in learning. Every person has a different idea or understanding of the meanings of simple words which comes from our backgrounds, socio-economic status, faiths, and our experiences. So, why shouldn’t the one or two ways we individually learn best be different from our elbow partner’s sitting across the desk?

On the same issue, later in the chapter a statement that was clear and unclear to me in a simply-profound way. “[H]ere is the dilemma: because students have different types of intelligence, learning styles, paces, and starting points, all students have special learning needs …The students who succeed in schools do so largely because their intelligence happens to match the dominant paradigm in use in a particular classroom—or somehow they have found ways to adapt to it.“ I understand the point made here, and think it is true. Where I struggle to understand is the tone of the point. It seems that the authors think it is a bad thing that students succeed by either matching the schools’ learning pace or adapting to it. I understand trying to change classroom teaching methods when teaching a concept, rule, or idea when it doesn’t make sense to all the students the first time. But, changing everything about the school’s structure to cater to multiple intelligences does make much sense to me. If one of the main purposes of our education system is to help guide our children into active, responsible, and well-informed citizens then how is responsible of us to accommodate every student? What happens when those students come to the work world and their bosses do not explain their instructions in the way that the student’s intelligence best understands? There is something about struggling that grows a person more than being hand-fed to his/her information. Maybe the hope is that by fostering a student in their own growing by providing education to their highest understanding that the student will gain as much knowledge possible and will figure it out. I guess I am on the fence and see both sides; everything in moderation, I say.

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Week Fourteen Reflection

The last week of my internship has been a wake-up call for how important it is to stay organized throughout the year. The last two weeks have consisted of students pouring into the classroom before and after school with needing to make up quizzes, tests, and get assignment sheets. My mentor teacher allows this to happen, but at a point cost for the student. Students have late passes to use, but if they turn in late work it is only worth a full sixty-four percent of their grade. It is stressed to the students that taking a sixty-four is better than a zero. Most students have one or two missing assignments. Since some of these missing assignments were done during my internship I was frantic the first few times a student came to me asking to do an assignment they missed. I have all of my assignment are in three different places, since I have two teacher desktops and my own laptop to shuffle through. This was a great lesson to learn early in the week: have all assignment easily accessible for later use.

Another lesson I have learned to do during the last week of school is to take final papers home in chunks, not to try and cram all papers within the last three days. It is just a matter of planning in advance so that all final paper, from different preps, are not all due on the same day, or remembering ahead of time to schedule a week to grade student papers. It seems that the last week of school is not only a mad dash for students but for teachers as well to wrap up last minute units, turn in books, tear down assignments from walls to pass back to students, grade last minute missing or late assignments, and say goodbyes. I have enjoyed watching and being a part of the week’s ensuing chaos.

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Week Thirteen Reflection

This week’s prompt fits perfectly with my last week’s interesting experience. This last week I had multiple students who were going to be gone on school and family trips for at the least three days and absences due to the HSPE Math testing. The three days that these students were going to be out of school were the most crucial to a section of our Newspaper Unit we have been working on. Those three days were going to be spent getting to know Microsoft Publisher where they were going to implant the four news articles we had written, create a masthead, a dateline, a journalist profile, and an ad. There was no way for the students to fulfill the points they were going to miss those three days since most of them don’t have Publisher at home nor internet access. So, I had to create an alternate assignment for them to do on their own.  This was great practice for me to be aware that students get pulled out of the class for important and unimportant reasons, but to always be prepared with alternate assignments that can be done independently.

Another issue I came across this week was a student who has failed or missed most of the test and quizzes I have given. He had three to make up and was worried about failing all three. I had to question myself on why this student was failing these quizzes. He is bright and has done the reading, yet he struggles with writing and has major ADHD. I modified the quiz from written to oral. This quiz was a summative assessment where students had to trace five points in the novel where the two main characters’ relationship develops deeper or changes. When I gave this quiz to the student he passed with flying colors, which was very interesting to me. He seems inhibited by his nervousness to write conventionally. He also asks if he can write on blank paper without lines. This modification showed me that he did understand and could follow and recall the novel. I wonder if he would benefit from receiving all his tests and quizzes orally while getting one-on-one tutoring with his writing abilities.

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Week Twelve Reflection

On a Monday morning in June, during second period,W I had a chance to observe Mr. Nickerson. Mr. Nickerson’s second period class was filled with junior honors students, who were in the middle of reading The Great Gatsby. Mr. Nickerson is a master teacher, who had taught for over twenty years. His classroom walls very bare besides a few pieces of student work and a few grammar tips.

The class began with student putting their chairs into a small inner-circle and a larger outer-circle. This Monday was a Socratic Seminar discussion day. Students were prepared, after reading Chapter 8, with notes from Friday and questions they answered over the weekend, which would spring-board their graded discussion. This discussion set up was a well-oiled wheel for this classroom. Students already knew the expectations, the directions, and they started discussing the first question–“Defend your character”–right away.

Mr. Nickerson sat outside the circle and interrupted when students needed a subject change, or he wanted to hear from someone in specific. There were only six people in the inner circle discussing and the rest of the class sat quietly and took notes on their answers and opinions, which were due for credit at the end of the day. The inner circle switched half-way through the period. Mr. Nickerson graded with a “check plus or check minus” system, which he completed after they were done discussing. While they discussed he took notes of specific quotes he liked from students, which he then repeated back to the group as spring-board comments. This proved very useful to these honors students. At the end of the discussion, which lasted the whole period, Mr. Nickerson explained the goal for tomorrow’s class and what to look forward too during the week.

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Week Eleven Reflection

During my k-12 school career, I moved to eight different schools, but stayed in my high school all four years. Our family never moved homes, but our school district was undergoing major issues and changing for the worse. So, my mother and father wanted me in the best school possible and that meant being involved in the co-op program, which is parents involved, higher learning. This program jumped from school to school and so I inevitably followed. Each transition was at the beginning of the school year, besides one. In first grade I moved from a reservation school to a Catholic elementary. This move was the most awkward because I was the new girl, in the new school, and the nuns were very strict and, from what I remember, not very tender about me coming into their classroom more than half way through the year. Another move that I recall that had a great effect on me was after my eighth grade year in one town to my ninth grade year in another town. I was extremely upset to have stayed in a school for two years, where I had many friends, to move to the high school in another town where I knew one or two people.

Being in ninth grade is overwhelming for most students, but coming into ninth grade not knowing anyone from the middle schools is, what seems, devastating. Reflecting on this experience I know I will have transfer students many times over my future career. A few things that could help new students is while getting to know the student I could placing him/her in work groups with kids that are welcoming and friendly, seat them by students who they could get help from, and let them know that my classroom is open at any time for help. I have had two students come into my classroom while I was student teaching. I met with them a discussed where they came from, what they like to do, and all the “get to know you” questions, after I shook their hand and introduced myself. This little gesture seemed to help them be comfortable with me in the classroom. At some points I had to stop and ask them if they had learned a concept my mentor teacher had already covered with my classes. Catching them up to speed also helped them academically in my classroom. With new students it seems important to let them bloom in the new school for a few days and then start asking them to participate and share knowledge and experiences from their old school. Each new student will have different needs. So, it is important to pay attention to them to make sure you can step along side where they struggle from the school transition.

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